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发表于 2014-9-9 21:04:26
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本帖最后由 lkyfly0531 于 2014-10-14 15:28 编辑
相关科普以及引证。。。
1. 阻拦索是从舰尾到舰首依次编号的。完美的航降应钩住第三根阻拦索(摘自某现役F-18舰载机飞行员的话):
There are a total of four CDPs available for use to arriving aircraft. The wires are numbered sequentially from the back of the boat to the front, so the number one wire is closest to the back of the boat, number two is next going forward, and so on… The ACLS and visual glide slope information all target the three wire. If a perfect approach and landing is flown to a successful trap, it will be the number three wire which catches your Hornet.
2. 再补充一段美国海军的一位飞过400次航降兼着舰指挥官说的话(a Navy pilot and LSO with over 400 traps):
The standard glidepath on the ship is 3.5 degrees(标准下滑道为3.5度). We sometimes increase the glidepath to 3.75 or 4.0 degrees in conditions of high wind so that the "perceived glidepath" remains relatively constant. (The glidepath relative to the earth being shallower than the glidepath relative to the ship due to wind over the deck / ship's forward speed.)
If your hook skips the 3-wire and you catch the 4-wire, it is perfectly OK. This is a "hook skip" and is fairly common. (It was almost routine for the A-6 Intruder.) IT IS NOT AN IN-FLIGHT ENGAGEMENT. An in-flight engagement usually occurs when a pilot over-rotates the aircraft during a late waveoff and the hook engages the wire before the wheels touch the deck. This basically results in a tug-of-war between the airplane and the ship and you can guess who wins. The airplane usually comes crashing down on the flight deck (still holding the wire), and frequently will break one of the landing gear.
We do not fly on the "backside of the power curve," but closer to L/D max (最大升阻比时的速度). We fly at a constant angle of attack(保持一恒定迎角)so that the pitch attitude of the aircraft remains constant and the hook touches down where it is supposed to... WHICH IS EXACTLY HALFWAY BETWEEN THE 3 AND 4 WIRES which are exactly 40 feet apart on a Nimitz class boat. If you increase pitch, it lowers the hook (risking an inflight, hook slap or ramp strike). If you reduce pitch, it raises the hook, increasing the chance of missing all 4 wires (a bolter).(俯仰角不宜太大或太小)
Under normal daylight conditions, THE LSO WILL NOT SAY A SINGLE WORD TO THE PILOT. (I'm an LSO) We will instead give a flash of the cut lights on top of the meatball to let him know that he is cleared to land. Beyond that, we don't say a word unless he approaches the margins of safety. Also, we do not use the lights on the nose gear for angle of attack, but instead look directly at the pitch attitude of the airplane. If his indexers are stuck or inoperative, we must be able to tell him his speed via radio.
Let's see... what else. If you miss the three wire, it is not a bolter. IF YOU MISS ALL FOUR WIRES, IT IS A BOLTER.
The hook is not designed to break before the wire... It's not designed to break at all. (I have personally witnessed several in-flight engagements.) However, if you do have a damaged hook (hook slap of the round down or hook won't come down/stay down), YOU ARE NOT SCREWED. We have something called a barricade (maybe you've heard of it). If you are out of divert range, we rig the barricade which is like a net that catches the entire airplane and brings it to a stop (usually with little or no damage to the aircraft). |
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